Test verification of the condition of hydraulic oil of construction machines following the guidelines of ISO 4406 and NAS 1638
1
Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Transport, Poznań, Poland
2
Doctoral School of Poznan University of Technology
Submission date: 2024-11-21
Final revision date: 2025-07-23
Acceptance date: 2025-08-01
Online publication date: 2025-08-06
Publication date: 2025-08-06
Corresponding author
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The article aims to present the testing of hydraulic oil testing in accordance with the requirements of ISO and NAS standards and the results of oil testing from two selected construction machines, i.e. Liebher 566 first class wheel loaders. The article also takes into account the influence of hydraulic oil microfiltration on the cleanliness class and relative humidity, which is an indirect measure of the amount of water in the oil. Oil microfiltration was carried out regularly and allowed for the improvement of the oil condition, which is understood as a decrease in the cleanliness class by removing solid contaminants and water from the oil through the use of membrane filters. The hydraulic oil tests carried out by the authors also take into account the assessment of the oil condition determined before and after microfiltration.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors of the article would like to thank MSc Eng. Tomasz Buśkiewicz from Powers Partner Sp. z o.o. from Czapury near Poznan for providing the facilities for research.
FUNDING
The investigations were carried out within the Implementation Doctorate Program of the Ministry of Education and Science realized in the years 2022-2026.
REFERENCES (32)
1.
Abdel-Shafy HI, Mansour MSM, El-Toony MM. Integrated treatment for oil free petroleum produced water using novel resin composite followed by microfiltration. Separation and Purification Technology. 2020;234:116058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
2.
ArgoHytos. Zarządzanie cieczami i monitoring oleju. Poradnik techniczny. Sposób na czysty olej. https://www.argo-hytos.com/fil... (21.11.2024).
3.
Arunagiri V, Prasannan A, Udomsin J, Lai J, Wang C, Hong P, Tsai H. Facile fabrication of eco-friendly polycaprolactone (PCL)/Poly-D, L-Lactic acid (PDLLA) modified melamine sorbent for oil-spill cleaning and water/oil (W/O) emulsion separation. Separation and Purification Technology. 2021;259: 118081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
4.
Bajerlein M, Karpiuk W, Smolec R. Application of Gas Dissolved in Fuel in the Aspect of a Hypocycloidal Pump Design. Energies. 2022;15(23): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1523....
5.
Bor M, Borowczyk T, Karpiuk W, Smolec R. Determination of the response time of new generation electromagnetic injectors as a function of fuel pressure using the internal photoelectric effect. International Interdisciplinary PhD Workshop (IIPhDW). 2018: 335 –339. https://doi.org/10.1109/IIPHDW....
6.
Chang Q, Zhou J, Wang Y, Liang J, Zhang X, Cerneaux S, Wang X, Zhu Z, Dong Y. Application of ceramic microfiltration membrane modified by nano-TiO2 coating in separation of a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Journal of Membrane Science. 2014;456: 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mems....
7.
Daneluz J, Ferreira da Silva G, Duarte J, Turossi TC, Santos V, Baldasso C, Daneluz AC. Characterization of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes for application in kombucha filtration. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2023;126:264-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec....
8.
Filipponi A, Masi G, Matos M, Benito JM, Gutiérrez G, Bignozzi MC. Development of metakaolin-based geopolymeric asymmetric membrane for oil-in-water emulsion microfiltration. Ceramics International. 2024;50:21107-21117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cera....
9.
Gao Y, Xu G, Zhao P, Liu L, Zhang E. One step co-sintering synthesis of gradient ceramic microfiltration membrane with mullite/alumina whisker bi-layer for high permeability oil-in-water emulsion treatment. Separation and Purification Technology. 2023;305: 122400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
10.
Garcia Lesak GV, Xavier LA, Valadares de Oliveira T, Fontana F, Santos AF, Cardoso VL, Vieira RB. Enhancement of pozzolanic clay ceramic membrane properties by niobium pentoxide and titanium dioxide addition: Characterization and application in oil-in-water emulsion microfiltration. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2022;217:110892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petr....
11.
Jebur M, Chiao YH, Kupaaikekaiao T, Patra T, Cao Y, Lee K, Gleason N, Qian X, Hu Y, Malmali M, Wickramasinghe SR. Combined electrocoagulation-microfiltration-membrane distillation for treatment of hydraulic fracturing produced water. Desalination. 2021;500:114886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desa....
12.
Kaźmierczak E. Testing the oil flow parameters of CLAAS ARION 610 tractor pump. Rail Vehicles. 2020;2:48-54. https://doi.org/10.53502/RAIL-....
13.
Kim DY, Lee J, Park H, Park SJ, Lee JH. Ecofriendly hydrophilic modification of microfiltration membranes using pyrogallol/ε-polylysine. Separation and Purification Technology. 2024;350:127988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
14.
Kołodziejski S, Bartkowiak A, Sawczuk W. The concept of microfiltration of hydraulic oil in rail vehicles. Rail Vehicles. 2024;1-2:3-10. https://doi.org/10.53502/RAIL-....
15.
Kücük S, Hejase CA, Kolesnyk IS, Chew JW., Tarabara VV. Microfiltration of saline crude oil emulsions: Effects of dispersant and salinity. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021;412:124747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhaz....
16.
Li H, Zhang B, Hong X, Wu Y, Wang T. Optimizing the microstructure and properties of microfiltration carbon membranes enabled with PAN fibers for emulsified oil removal from wastewater. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2022;184:566-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cher....
17.
Liebherr L 566 Specyfikacja & Dane Techniczne. (2006-2012). https://www.lectura-specs.pl/p... (21.11.2024).
18.
Liu S, Rouquié C, Frappart M, Szymczyk A, Rabiller-Baudry M, Couallier E. Separation of lipids and proteins from clarified microalgae lysate: The effect of lipid-protein interaction on the cross-flow and shear-enhanced microfiltration performances. Separation and Purification Technology. 2024;328:124985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
19.
Nandi BK, Uppaluri R, Purkait MK. Microfiltration of stable oil-in-water emulsions using kaolinbased ceramic membrane and evaluation of fouling mechanism. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2010; 1-3(22):133-145. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.20....
20.
Poli A, Dagher G, Santos AF, Baldoni-Andrey P, Jacob M, Batiot-Dupeyrat C, Teychené B. Impact of C-CVD synthesis conditions on the hydraulic and electronic properties of SiC/CNTs nanocomposite microfiltration membranes. Diamond and Related Materials. 2021;120:108611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diam....
21.
Purnima M, Paul T, Pakshirajan K, Pugazhenthi G. Onshore oilfield produced water treatment by hybrid microfiltration-biological process using kaolin based ceramic membrane and oleaginous Rhodococcus opacus. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2023;453(2): 139850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.....
22.
Rouquié C, Szymczyk A, Rabiller-Baudry M, Roberge H, Abellan P, Riaublanc A, Frappart M, Álvarez-Blanco S, Couallier E. NaCl precleaning of microfiltration membranes fouled with oil-in-water emulsions: Impact on fouling dislodgment. Separation and Purification Technology. 2022;285:120353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
23.
Standard ISO 4406, Hydraulic fluid power – Fluids – Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles. Second edition. 1999-12-01. https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/... (23.07.2025).
24.
Standard SAE AS4059, Aerospace - Cleanliness classification for hydraulic fluids AS4059, 14.06.1988.
26.
Standard GOST 17216-2001, Industrial cleanliness. Grades of liquids purity. Gosstandart of Russia. 25.12.2001.
27.
Suresh K, Pugazhenthi G, Uppaluri R. Fly ash based ceramic microfiltration membranes for oil-water emulsion treatment: Parametric optimization using response surface methodology. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2016;13:27-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe....
28.
Tummons EN, Tarabara VV, Chew JW., Fane AG. Behavior of oil droplets at the membrane surface during crossflow microfiltration of oil–water emulsions. Journal of Membrane Science. 2016;500: 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mems....
29.
Wang Z. Chapter 3 – Microfiltration. Fundamentals of Membrane Separation Technology 2014: 55-124.
30.
Wu J, Meeten GH, Jones TGJ, Cagney N, Boek ES. Membrane fouling during the harvesting of microalgae using static microfiltration. Separation and Purification Technology. 2025;353:127737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
31.
Xaviera LA, Garcia Lesaka GV, Valadares de Oliveira T, Eiras D, Pedersen Voll FA, Vieira RB. Ceramic membrane applied to seawater pre-treatment: effect of flocculation and temperature on microfiltration. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2023;310:43-49. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.20....
32.
Yao Y, Zhang B, Jiang M, Hong X, Wu Y, Wang T, Qiu J. Ultra-selective microfiltration SiO2/carbon membranes for emulsified oil-water separation. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2022;10:107848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece....
| eISSN: | 2449-5220 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
